Exploring Duality and Non-Duality in Tantric Philosophy
The foundations of Tantric philosophy emerged from observing the interplay between opposites in nature and consciousness. Tantra’s essence lies in understanding the unity at the heart of duality. Non-dualism teaches that there is an inherent unity between all things and within every dichotomy, we find a connection to the Divine—a source of love, soul and supreme intelligence that pervades the universe. Despite perceived differences, all is part of one universal fabric.
Ego and Duality
The ego, often associated with limited perspectives, tends to create division, encouraging prejudice, fear and conflict. It views reality in binaries—what it knows and values versus what it fears or dislikes. This duality is seen in forms of discrimination, such as sexism and racism, and in ideological conflicts where one perspective is seen as “right” or “light” and another as “wrong” or “dark.” In contrast, non-dualism recognises all perspectives as integral parts of a greater whole.
Individuals caught in dualistic thinking often experience inner conflict, leading to self-loathing or negative behaviours. In contrast, those embracing non-duality are at peace with themselves, radiating a sense of completeness and, sometimes, even reaching states of bliss.
Global Belief Systems and Duality
Throughout history, humans have crafted countless myths and belief systems to explain creation and power. Many ancient cultures, from Mesopotamians with Tiamat to Egyptians with Ra and Nut, expressed a balance between masculine and feminine energies. Aboriginal Australian Dreamtime stories feature Wuagyl, the rainbow serpent, a creator figure often seen as androgynous. Native American tribes honour both Mother Nature and Father Sky, balancing masculine and feminine energies.
In contrast, the monotheistic tradition, particularly in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, often uses terms like “Heavenly Father” and patriarchal imagery, subtly influencing cultural interpretations of power and hierarchy. As long as dualistic thinking around “right” and “wrong” persists, society remains divided, stifling unity and understanding.
Masculine and Feminine Duality
As global cultures evolve, the rigid distinctions between masculinity and femininity are giving way to more nuanced understandings. Many now recognise that every individual embodies a blend of masculine, feminine and neutral qualities, with those of varied orientations and gender expressions gaining broader acceptance. This shift has been hard-won, challenging deep-rooted social norms and biases.
Traditionally, women were expected to nurture and adapt, supporting men, while men pursued dominance, success and provision. This dynamic often led to a power imbalance, with men exerting control over women and families. Homosexual and non-binary individuals faced even harsher scrutiny and were often ostracised or punished. These conflicts reflect duality and social conditioning, revealing that true harmony can only arise from appreciating the equal relevance of all genders and qualities.
The Tantric View on Qualities
Tantric philosophy places strong emphasis on uniting masculine and feminine energies to create a harmonious, non-dualistic state. Each person has unique qualities across identity, physicality, emotionality, mentality and spirituality. While women often exhibit more feminine qualities and men more masculine ones, every individual encompasses a spectrum. Non-binary people also embody a mix of these qualities, revealing that the human experience transcends binary definitions.
Ultimately, Tantra suggests that our true nature is non-dualistic. By acknowledging and honouring the opposites within us, we can find peace, harmony and a blissful existence in unity with all that is.
